Two Main Categories of Collaboration Essay -- Collaboration Writing Cl

Two Main Categories of Collaboration The first thing I noticed about the subject of collaboration is that it is huge—there are as many styles, types, methods, rationales, theories, benefits and drawbacks as there are theorists and scholars. Additionally, almost no one appears to agree on even such simple matters as terminology (Is it collaborative writing or collaborative learning? Is it peer response, review, or editing?), let alone on actual application and practice. As Kenneth Bruffee states in â€Å"Collaborative Learning and the ‘Conversation of Mankind,’† an essay many supporters and detractors of collaborative writing hearken back to time and time again, his essay â€Å"offers no recipes† because there are no recipes for effectively adding collaborative writing to an English classroom (394). There are merely guidelines for successful collaboration and rationales supporting or denying the usefulness of incorporating collaborative writing. Kenneth Topping, director for the Cen tre for Paired Learning at Dundee University, supporting the notion that collaboration is without rules or recipe, writes, â€Å"Collaborative writing is not a single homogeneous procedure† (1). There are two main categories of collaboration: dialogic and hierarchical. Rebecca Moore Howard explains in her guide â€Å"Assigning Collaborative Writing—Tips for Teachers† that â€Å"in dialogic collaboration, the group works together in all aspects of the project, whereas in hierarchical collaboration, the group divides the task into component parts and assigns certain components to each group member† (1) George Landow, in â€Å"Hypertext: The Convergence of Contemporary Critical Theory and Technology,† identifies four basic types of collaboration, some dialogic, some hierar... ...tive Learning.† in Cross-Talk in Comp Theory: A Reader. Ed. Victor Villanueva, Jr. Urbana, Illinois: National Council of Teachers of English, 1997. 439-456. Weiner, Harvey S. â€Å"Collaborative Learning in the Classroom: A Guide to Evaluation.† The Writing Teacher’s Sourcebook. Eds. Gary Tate and Corbett. New York, NY: Oxford UP: 1988. 238-247. Yancey, Kathleen Blake, & Spooner, Michael. â€Å"Collaborative/Social Process Theory.† in Theorizing Composition: A Critical Sourcebook of Theory and Scholarship in Contemporary Composition Studies. Ed. Mary Kennedy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1995. 37-41. Zeni, Jane. â€Å"Oral Collaboration, Computers, and Revision.† in Writing With: New Directions in Collaborative Teaching, Learning, and Research. Eds. Bleich, David; Fox, Thomas; Reagan, Sally Barr. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1994. 213-226.

How does Malvolio connect to disguise and deceit in Act 2 Scene 5?

In Act II Scene VI, we are exposed to seeing Malvolio in a different light. Firstly, we see he deceives himself, ultimately playing the role of the person he thinks he is capable of becoming. Then we see that Maria and her cohort are deceiving Malvolio, by playing a prank on him just so they can make a fool out of him for always being so bitter and serious; and lastly we see how they encourage this foolish act and what consequences it brings. To begin with, we can identify that the name ‘Malvolio’ consists of two elements â€Å"Mal† and â€Å"Volio† which are Italian words, with the meaning â€Å"ill will† suggesting his disregard of others’ pleasures. I believe that Shakespeare particularly gave this character this name, as it allows us to have a greater insight of the kind of character Malvolio is from the beginning of the play. At the beginning of Act II Scene VI we are see an intimate conversation between Sir Toby and Fabian, coming together to watch Malvolio and Maria’s prank. Sir Toby asks â€Å"Wouldst thou not be glad to have the niggardly, rascally sheep-bitter come by some notable shame? Essentially pointing out that they are pulling a prank on Malvolio and asking him if he is glad he is going to see this ‘rascal dog’ humiliated. From the very start we see a connection between deception and Malvolio, and how Sir Toby and Fabian are associated with the scheming prank as well. We also see more of Malvolio’s bitterness mentioned when Fabian tells Sir Toby, â€Å"I would exult man. You know he brought me out o’favour with my lady about a bear-baiting here†, suggesting that he is very excited as Malvolio also told the lady of the house that he was arranging a bear-baiting once. This conversation suggests that the two other servers of the house are fed up with Malvolio’s attitude and plan to punish him in a way that will completely embarrass him. Malvolio’s attitude is fundamentally the only reason why he is connected to disguise and deception. Also, his self-loving personality convinces him he is capable of rising higher in the society, which is what leads to him playing the role of Olivia’s husband. Then later we see that his bitterness leads him into a humiliating prank pulled by Maria and the other workers of the house. As Maria enters the scene, we discover that she’s been scheming this prank and encourages the others to go watch, as she is fully confident it will work. She informs Sir Toby and Fabian to go hide behind the box tree and, â€Å"Observe him, for the love of mockery for I know this letter will make a contemplative idiot of him.† This emphasizes how Malvolio is the central character in this scene being deceived by all the other characters. Maria also refers to Malvolio as ‘trout’ on its way to gobble up bait, â€Å"†¦ For here comes the trout that must be caught with tickling†. This animalistic language creates a distinctive image of Malvolio. It could suggest that the bait is Olivia, and that Malvolio is so easily directed when lead by Olivia. It could also suggest that ‘tickling’ so easily catches Malvolio into complete humiliation. Act II Scene VI provides a greater in-sight on how ‘self-loving’ Malvolio really is. In the beginning of this scene we see that Malvolio is playing a role in the same way Olivia and Orsino were earlier in the play. Therefore we can see that not only is Malvolio being deceived by others, but is also deceiving himself. Malvolio instantly exposes us to this role, saying â€Å"Maria once told me she did affect me, and I have heard herself come thus near, that should she fancy it should be one of my complexion†. This portrays Malvolio’s outspoken confidence, as he is convinced Maria would like a man like himself, although we are aware that Malvolio’s fantasy is a pose without possibility. Sir Toby who is listening over Malvolio’s conversation calling him an â€Å"overweening rogue† quickly supports this. Malvolio then shifts to the possibility of being ‘Count Malvolio’ for which Sir Toby and Fabian believe is an unrealistic desire for a servant so bitter and low in the society, responding within themselves â€Å"Ah, rogue†. Although, Malvolio speaks of his strong belief in the possibility, referring to ‘Lady Strachy’ who married her wardrobe manager. This idea of Malvolio deceiving himself acts as entertainment for Sir Toby and Fabian who are simultaneously deceiving Malvolio. Both Sir Toby and Fabian show their great satisfaction saying â€Å"O, peace! Now he’s deeply in. Look how imagination blows him† which once again reinforces how unrealistic Malvolio is and how he is playing a role. Shakespeare shows that while Malvolio continues to imagine a marriage with Olivia, Sir Toby and Fabian continuously interrupt this image with their opposing comments such as â€Å"Fire and brimstone† and â€Å"O, peace, peace!† implying that they aren’t taking this seriously because Malvolio is on his high horse. Furthermore, we see that Malvolio is also deceived by the ‘letter’ that is supposedly written by Olivia, however is a prank planned by Maria. The clash between Malvolio and the remaining characters is the central motivation for the prank. From the previous scene, we see that Malvolio breaks up their party, although it does not seem to be Malvolio’s fault considering they were being rather disrespectful. This is what provokes Maria and her cohort into scheming revenge against Malvolio. As Twelfth night is a play that celebrates chaos, Malvolio doesn’t reflect this idea but presents himself as the puritanical, self-loving, pleasure-hating character which strongly contrasts against the alcohol-loving, pleasure-loving characters of Maria and her cohort. Following this role of being Olivia’s husband, Malvolio finds the letter written by Maria, which matches exactly what he’s been doing. Personally I believe the irony of finding the letter after being lost in the illusion of being Count Malvolio is what makes Malvolio believe the letter is for him. This is the last aspect of deception that connects to Malvolio in Act II Scene VI. While Malvolio is sure that â€Å"This is my lady’s hand† mentioning â€Å"†¦these be her very c’s, her u’s and her t’s,..† Sir Andrew mocks Malvolio for what he is actually saying, almost in disbelief that he can be so easily deceived. He somehow finds a link between â€Å"M.O.A.I†¦.† by saying that â€Å"M† is for Malvolio, concluding that the letter was meant for him. However as Malvolio reads on we see the letter is handing him exactly what he was imagining before, as Malvolio believes its from Olivia saying, â€Å"By my birt h I rank above you, but don’t be afraid of my greatness. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them† which again encourages Malvolio into believing the possibility of being Count Malvolio. The letter specifically asks Malvolio to do everything he wouldn’t usually do, therefore it can be viewed as a disguise. Malvolio therefore disguises himself under the ‘desired’ appearance and personality Olivia tells him of in the letter, which easily convinces Malvolio that this will lead him to his desires. Focusing specifically on the letter, it tells Malvolio to be rude, to talk about politics and act free and independent, to also wear yellow stockings and crisscrossing laces up his legs, and to remember that a happy life is waiting for him, and if he doesn’t want it he should act like his old bitter self. Although this letter is deceiving Malvolio, its also Malvolio’s connection to disguise, as he begins to follow what the letter orders to please Olivia and because this isn’t the norm for Malvolio it can be interpreted as a form of disguise. Maria’s prank works because it plays off of Malvolio’s weaknesses, which is his self regard, his wish for a higher social rank and his delusions that Olivia might actually feel something for him. All of this is meant to teach Malvolio a lesson, and perhaps punish him for his bitterness and self-pride. It should outline his foolishness for even falling into the prank and potentially highlight to Malvolio some of his faults. Disguise and deception are closely linked in this scene, as one follows the other.

Human Resource And Strategic Management Strategies Essay

Human resource is a group of people organized by a company which is to add benefit and efficiency to the company. Big company has lots of worker and staff, in order to manage effectively, they need a sector that responsibility for those worker s regulations and relationship between employees. Companies know that a good relationship between worker could help them perform their task more easily and high quality. Those government regulations need to be compiled in order to running a legal company. Human resource is also a sector to know those regulations when recruit a new employee, training staff in different specification, compensation and benefits, etc. This is a sector that focus on things that related to employment. There are many critical choices made by human resource will cause a major effect on a company. First is a vertical fit categorizing the alignment of HRM practices and the strategic management strategies of the firm. Vertical match is managed by directing human sources t oward the primary initiatives of the organization. Vertical match is the major thinking of HRS, and is linked to a contingency primarily based method and subsequently developing an standard match of the a range of administration strategies (including HRS) in the long term goal. The second congruence - horizontal in shape Implies hand-shaking among the various HRM practices. Horizontal in shape is carried out through correctly allocating the resources. The horizontal suit is afflicted as toShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal: Strategic Hrm1623 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Perspectives on Human resource strategy: A key role contributing to organization performance in Cambodian Context† By Chit Uys Stevexo July 21, 2011 The strategic management of an organization s human resource has been recognized as one of the keys to business success. This particular strategy generally involved the optimization of the employees potentials mainly through training and performance assessment. This organizational strategy has been integrated in several businesses mainly toRead MoreHuman Resource Management : A Competitive Advantage Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesIV. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE â€Å"It allows a firm to gain an edge over rivals when competing. It comes from a firm’s ability to perform activities more distinctively and more effectively than rivals. † Competitive advantage refers to the ability of an organization to formulate strategies for the exploitation of opportunities that are to be presented in external environment. Liberalization created a hyper-competitive environment to respond to this turbulence, Indian organizationsRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management : Marks And Spencer1208 Words   |  5 PagesBusiness environment is facing a rapid change that reminds the business management to focus on its core competencies to survive and sustain in the competitive environment. The core competencies can be developed by strategic human resource management. According to Armstrong (2006) employees are the valued assets for a company. The strategic human resource management is mainly developed in accordance to the fact that human resources need to be managed strategically for the company to enjoy sustainableRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management1738 Words   |  7 PagesSTRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Strategic human resource management is the process of linking the human resource function with the strategic objectives of the organization in order to improve performance. 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HRM is the process of recruitment, selection of employee, providingRead MoreMicrosofts Human Resource Management Strategy679 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Microsoft CORPORATION HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Company Profile: Microsoft Corporation Importance of Strategic Human Resource Management Talent Management Strategies Compensation and benefit packages for employees Policies and practices for Labor relations management Comparison with the Competitors Conclusion OBJECTIVES OF THE HRM STRATEGY To design effective talent management strategies; including recruitment and selection, motivation and retention, performanceRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Organizational Strategy752 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom Bill Gate’s strategic vision for his company. Different from other entrepreneurs, he values the employees, and favoring intelligence over experience in his employees. In modern society, human capital is the most dynamic resources for a company. How to attract excellent human resource and utilize their ability to reach organizational goal is something managers should think about. Strategic human resource management could explain the relationship between human resource management and organizationalRead MoreDesign and Implementation of Sets of Strategic Human Resource Management Practices 1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe design and implementation of sets of strategic human resource practices continues to lack coherence and consistency, primarily because the concept of fit is still so little understood. Strategic human resource management refers to managing people in organizations proactively, such that it helps a business gain competitive edge. It is directed by the organizational strategy, as opposed to human resource management which aims to on better management of people only. SHRM is gaining widespreadRead MoreThe Strategic Human Resource Management1254 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Proactive management of the employees of a company or organization. Strategic human resource management includes typical human resource components such as hiring, discipline, and payroll, and also involves working with employees in a collaborative manner to boost retention, improve the quality of the work experience, and maximize the mutual benefit of employment for both the employee and the employer. The strategic human resource management was excellent as all employees reported highRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Organizational Goals1587 Words   |  7 Pagesthe best-intentioned human resource processes attempting to align human resource practices with organisational goals have become mismatched. Due to external factors such as globalization, advances in technology and changing views regarding the importance of human resources as a competitive advantage for organisations, the nature of work has been redefined (Horwitz, Heng, Quazi, 2003). This has caused human resource management to become more than just a function, but a strategic partner within corporations

Religion and its Effect on Society and Individuals Essay

Over the years, society has come to evolve and progressively become more efficient as society’s viewpoints and perspectives on various aspects of life have also changed. However, the one aspect of life that has stayed constant has been religion. The impact of a constant religious opinion on a changing society has detrimental and benign effects on the populace of such a society. Religion was partly created in an effort to answer the questions that couldn’t be answered in any other way; to provide an explanation for the unexplainable. Each religion in turn has it’s own version of a higher being in which to believe. Giving this higher being a name or title such as â€Å"God† implies that it is a person rather an entity. Bhikhu Parekh (2001)†¦show more content†¦The question still remains though, can we believe in one or are we forced to chose between what can be proven and what relies on faith alone? There have been multiple attempts to intertwine the teachings of religion and science so that both could peacefully co-exist. The first scholar of science-and-religion, Ian Barbour, tried to relate the two in an analysis that came about in 1988 where he stated that there are four ways in which the two relate (Giberson, 2011). His studies, however, were greatly criticized by many others. Each attempt has failed as many have seen that t he divide between the two is too great to be able to relinquish. One of the greatest controversies is evolution vs. creationism. Benedict XVI has been quoted as saying â€Å"we are not some casual and meaningless product of evolution. Each of us is the result of a thought of God† in April of 2005 after the intelligent design trial. This trial, like the Scopes â€Å"Monkey† Trial, tested whether or not teachers would have to mention another theory of how we as humans came to be on earth (Singham, 2010). The intelligent design theory states that the diversity of life is the result of a higher being’s plan. While the Dover Area School District wanted to teach students that intellectualShow MoreRelatedSociological Perspectives Of Functionalism, Conflict Theory And Symbolic Interactions882 Words   |  4 Pagesinteractions. In looking at how religion functions in social structures, social systems, and small group interpersonal interactions a sociologist could formul ate a better understanding of religion s role in society and the human experience. The sociologist looks at the individual, and how that individual connects to a specific societal location or setting and specifically at religion a sociological study could determine the power religion holds over people and societies. Understanding the culturalRead MoreSociological Perspectives Of Structural Functionalism1490 Words   |  6 Pagespaper –religion (as a primarily social rather than theological or psychological phenomenon) and the effects on societies. In looking at how religion functions in social structures, social systems, and small group interpersonal interactions sociologists could formulate a better understanding of religion s role in society and the human experience. The sociologist looks at the individual agency, and how that connects to a specific societal location or setting. Specifically, in the case of religion a sociologistRead MoreSociological Perspectives on Re ligion Essay example991 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Religion is a ritualized system of beliefs and practices related to things defined as sacred by an organized community of believers.† (Basirico et.al. 379). Religion is an important element in the society because it influences the way individuals act and think. It has shaped the relationship and bonding among families as well as influenced the decision made in economics and politics. Religion in general has contributed to shape a society and a government structure which will influence the way theRead MoreThe Between Religion And Society894 Words   |  4 PagesIn society, people strived for social interaction among one another by grouping themselves with individuals who are like minded. This type of classification normally consist of various type of cultural similarities to include but not limited to ethnic background, food, music, fashion and arts. Another form of classification that has been instilled in the world for ma ny years is religion. Religion is the organization of spiritual, sacred and biblical beliefs that express the existence of a higherRead MoreSigmund Freud And Machiavellis Role Of Religion And Society1368 Words   |  6 PagesOrganized societies frequently associate religions with them. The United States is mostly Christian. North African countries are overwhelming Muslim (â€Å"Global†). Across the world, the number of religions possibly reaches the thousands due to various sects and circumstances. When analyzing religion, each example has different origins, but a general understanding of religion is necessary, and an interesting relationship between religion and society will appear. While one cannot define every known religionRead MoreThe Impact Of Religion On Society s Life879 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent characteristics, religion, and race. If each individual was taken and locked in their own cell, they would not be able to accomplish anything. We would have seven bil lion people, but a society would not exist. If each individual was freed from their cell, they would be able to interact with one another and share ideas. They would be able to share their differences and impact each other in positive and negative ways. 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Because of this, many things can be defined as happiness and the emotion takes on a more personal definition. As a private emotion, happiness overlaps with religion, in both literature and life, and the morals and security it provides to the individual. Religion evokes a refuge to theRead MoreSocial Institutions And Its Impact On Society1602 Words   |  7 Pagesof an individual, social institutions in a society play an important role. There are some major social institutions which have considerable impacts on the lives of the members of society, such as religion and education. These institution act as the means of providing opportunity for the overall development of individuals. In this regard it can be said that â€Å"The role of religion is t o remind republican citizens of their duties to and reliance upon God. Virtue is the bedrock of free society, and religionRead MoreThe Problem, Solution, And Technique1112 Words   |  5 Pagestechnique in Buddhism with those of another eastern religion of your choice. For Buddhism, the problem is suffering, the solution is nirvana, and the technique for achieving nirvana is the Noble Eightfold Path. For Hinduism, the problem is samsara, the solution is moksha, liberation from samsara. The various yoga’s are the techniques. 2. Is the presence of an ethical dimension a basic requirement for a system of thought to be considered a religion? Why or why not? Ethical dimension are the key elements

The Benefits Of Human Reproductive Cloning - 989 Words

In measuring the benefits, human reproductive cloning would be advantageous to the well-being of humans and because it is a fulfillment of personal autonomy. Firstly, this technique is a sound method for infertile couples to have a genetically related ‘child’ and it is a method to provide a patient medical treatment in a form of gene therapy or organ transplants (Hayry 2003). Secondly, the value of personal self-governance has been emphasized by human traditions in which the liberty of individuals is seen as important to individuals in our society today. Cloning would promote the well-being of some individuals without violating any person’s autonomy and conclusively is rational that people’s reproductive choice is not a realm to be interfered. In measuring the infliction of harm directly, the technique is deemed to be generally unsafe, as experiments with other mammals show that it is likely to cause physical harm to the clones (Sanchez-Sweatman 2000). Indi rectly, there is a strong likelihood for social resentment and discrimination towards clones which would be a form of psychological and social deprivation. The discrimination in modern society is abundant of discrimination and social resentment towards any sort of deviant of the social norm, even belated to the introduction of human clones into society. Specifically looking discrimination under sexual orientation, based on statistics presented by the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force and National Centre forShow MoreRelatedThe First Human Clone : Real Stories930 Words   |  4 PagesThe documentary titled â€Å"The First Human Clone - Real Stories† highlights the controversial issue of human cloning. The documentary has shown the development of a ten-cell human embryo along with explaining the science behind this extraordinary procedure. Human cloning has raised complex ethical challenges for the people involved, the healthcare staff and the society on the whole. New defin itions of parents and children are created by infertility treatments and a rethinking of traditional conceptsRead MoreIs Cloning Ethical Or Moral?1617 Words   |  7 PagesCloning is one of the most controversial topics in all of science in the current day. Technology has come miles from where it has been, and we still have yet to perfect how it is used. When I chose this topic as one of the two I had to pick from the list, I didn’t really know how cloning worked or how I actually felt about the on-going conversation of whether or not cloning is ethical or moral, much less legal. What I have come to conclude after the various articles I have read, and the differentRead MoreHuman Cloning Is Not More Difficult Than Cloning921 Words   |  4 PagesHuman cloning involves removing the nucleus of a human egg and replacing it with the nucleus of an existing person (Glannon, p. 89). It is the genetic duplication of an existing person (CGS). 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Based from Human Genome Project Information (n.d.), â€Å"Cloning is a term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material.† It means creating a genetically identical copy of an organism. Scientists attempted to clone animals for many years. In fact, there are hundreds of cloned animals existing today. It started in 1952 when a tadpole was cloned. But worldwide attention and concerns only aroused inRead MoreHuman Cloning- Term Paper1562 Words   |  7 PagesShould human reproductive cloning be accepted? Based from Human Genome Project Information (n.d.), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Cloning is a term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It means creating a genetically identical copy of an organism. Scientists attempted to clone animals for many years. In fact, there are hundreds of cloned animals existing today. It started in 1952 when a tadpole was cloned. But worldwide attention and concerns only arousedRead MoreTwo of Us: Cloning Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever wondered what it would be like if you had twin or even if you had a clone? If you had an illness like diabetes, have you ever wondered what it would be like if you did not? Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. The first successful clone was in 1997 when scientist Edinburgh cloned Dolly the sheep. She was the first animal to be cloned with an adult somatic cell by using the process of nuclear transfer . She was born on July 5 1996, lived toRead MoreThe First Ever Demonstration Of Artificial Embryo Twinning1497 Words   |  6 PagesCloning is the process by which a genetically identical copy of an organism has naturally occurred or been created in a laboratory. A process of cloning can be completed on a wide range of biological materials, including genes, tissues, cells and entire organisms (Genetics Generation, 2015). The first-ever demonstration of artificial embryo twinning was accomplished on a sea urchin by Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch in 1885 (Oppenheimer, 2016), yet the most significant cloning example was attained in 1996Read MoreThe Use Of Genetics And Reproduction Essay1052 Words   |  5 Pagesprovides families with a chance to make informative decisions and reproductive choices. Genetic testing can lead to diagnosing; reduce future testing; serve as prevention, intervention and treatment measures. Cloning is a procedure that is associated with genetic and reproductive sciences. Cloning is the process by which a genetically identical copy of a certain strain of bacteria, plant, or animal is produced by asexual reproduction. Cloning is done by taking an egg and removing the nucleus that containsRead More Human Cloning Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pages Human Cloning Human Cloning comes with two dangerous processes, reproductive cloning (the creating of a new organism) and the therapeutic cloning (the creation of a new tissues or â€Å"other biological products†) which affects the ethics of human society. Scientists perceive cloning benefits all men and women, while religious leaders stress the idea of cloning to be an unethical process. Although human cloning serves as an aid to the children and parents with conflicts, cloning is completely

Neoclassicism Free Essays

Neoclassicism is a movement of the revival of a classical style of ancient Greece and/ or ancient Rome in decorative arts, literature, architecture, and music. One such movement was dominant in Europe from the mid-18th to the 19th centuries. Neoclassicism focuses on symmetry, primarily with the use of circles and squares. We will write a custom essay sample on Neoclassicism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The use of triangular pediments and domed roofs is also prevalent among Neoclassical architecture. These characteristics were affected by the Age of Reason’s ideas that architecture should be logical and balanced instead of over decorative. Neoclassicism was influential in the decorative arts too. Furniture was designed by designers and produced by furniture makers. One famous architect who designed furniture is Robert Adam. In contrast to the cabriole style leg, he used straight legs and he designed his own patterns on the backs of his chair. Robert Adam’s decorative arts can be seen in the interiors, such as in the Etruscan Room (figure 1) at Osterley Park House. Here, Robert Adam uses classical Roman decorative motifs inspired by Herculaneum and Pompeii. Adam also designed flat grotesque panels, which were inspired from Roman mural painting. figure 1 Although neoclassical architecture was primarily influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, it become a movement of its own, with its own standards and leading figures. The Rotunda (figure 2) by Andrea Palladio was inspired by the Pantheon in Rome. It in turn, was inspired by Brunelleschi’s double walled pointed arch dome. The large windows used became know as Palladian windows, which is a prominent feature in neoclassical architecture. The Rotunda then influenced the Chiswick House (figure 3) designed by Lord Burlington. The Chiswick House has a simple symmetrical plan and consist of many Palldian style architectural elements. The Chiswick House then influenced Thomas Jeffreson’s Monticello in the United States. figure 2figure 3 By the late 18th century, Thomas Jefferson had embraced the neoclassical style in his designs for Monticello (figure 4) and the Virginia State Capitol (figure 5). Monticello was based on the neoclassical principles of Andrea Palladio. Monticello is similar in appearance to the Chiswick House. The Virginia State Capitol is the first Neoclassical building in the United States, inspired by the Mason Carae, with Etruscan stairs, portico, and triangular pediment. Jefferson advocated Neoclassicism as the official rchitectural style of the United States, also known as the Federal style after the American Revolution. For Jefferson, it implied new democracy by tracing its roots back to Greece, the origin of democracy. (figure 4)(figure 5) Neoclassicism was more than just an antique revival; it was a reaction against the over decorative Baroque Art and the Rococo Art of the times. Str iving for equality after the revolution of United States and France, Neoclassicism quickly expanded and influenced Europe and North America in decorative arts, literature, architecture, and music. In the end, it also lead people to a new way of thinking. Bibliography Buie Harwood, Bridgate May, and Curt Sherman, Architecture and Interior Design through the 18th Century. Encyclopedia Britannica, NEOCLASSICISM, http://lilt. ilstu. edu/jhreid/neoclassicism. htm Architecture 411, Neo-Classical Architecture, http://www. architecture411. com/notes/note. php? id_note=6 GreatBuildings, Neo-Classical Architecture, http://www. greatbuildings. com/types/styles/neo-classical. html How to cite Neoclassicism, Essay examples

Management in Primary Health Care Institutions

Question: Discuss about the Management in Primary Health Care Institutions. Answer: Introduction Mobile apps in healthcare have been embedded by the development of mobile technology and devices. The mobile apps in healthcare simply are about connecting with doctors through video, messaging, and emailing among other applications to ask questions and to get prescriptions written. There are many mobile apps in healthcare, which include John Hopkins ABX Guide, ZocDoc, as well as RevUp among others. The mobile apps in healthcare have many benefits, which are most important in extending the reach and the quality of healthcare services. Robson, Blackford and Roberts, (2012) postulates that mobile apps in healthcare facilitate more complex operations like monitoring, tracking chronic patients, as well as remote diagnostics. The use of the apps in healthcare enables efficient and secure healthcare services through monitoring patients, thus providing great value to the patient. Mobile apps in healthcare demonstrate clear benefits to both the doctors and patients. The medical apps provide essential savings for public and private healthcare facilities while generating revenue for mobile network operators. In addition, the mobile apps in healthcare can deliver secure and high-quality solutions as well as facilitating better care to patients through the healthcare professionals. Besides, the apps can help in minimizing the time healthcare professionals lose in delaying test results, misplacing records, as well as missing appointments. Using mobile apps in health care brings better care, especially when screening chronic diseases, which in turn can lead to a healthier population, and a system that is efficient with lower costs. The apps enable active response information management, better communication, care, treatment, and higher importance to the society. The overall benefits for the society may include better life anticipation, better management, and imminent into an outbreak. Besides, improved information on diagnosis can create a healthier society. Even though the benefits of the mobile apps in healthcare are clear, the processes must be managed carefully to optimize productivity. There are also challenges like privacy issues, complexity in mobile systems and bolstering patient engagement that should be considered in the mobile apps in healthcare to enhance ease of use. This paper will, therefore, give examples of the mobile apps in healthcare, their challenges, as well as benefits of using them in healthcare processes. In addition, it will discuss the benefits of the medical apps of both the patients and doctors. Types of Mobile Apps in Healthcare There are various mobile apps in healthcare, which are associated with providing information for patients and healthcare professionals as well as guiding people on drugs. These apps include John Hopkins ABX Guide, ZocDoc, as well as RevUp. John Hopkins ABX Guide is a healthcare app that helps individuals to gather information on medications and treatment for different diseases (Scherr, 2009). According to John Hopkins ABX Guide app, when a doctor or an individual search for particular prescription or drug, it provides information on the recommended dosage and the side effects of the particular drug. ZocDoc, on the other hand, is a healthcare app that helps people to find and book appointments with doctors (Ventola, 2014). Finding a good doctor is a tiresome process and having an app that contains about the doctors is a huge value for many people. Lastly, RevUp is also a mobile app in healthcare that enables the different specialist to work on a plan that fits them, and it provides information on general health. The RevUp app helps doctors to network with many people from different places. The main benefit of the RevUp app is that it greatly assists those people who are uninsured and those with less income. Challenges of Mobile Apps in Healthcare Despite the growing demand for mobile apps in healthcare, it is as well faced with various challenges, which include security problems, complexity in the mobile system as well as bolstering patient engagement. An individuals information is an essential piece of the puzzle when it comes to diagnosing health issues and resolving billing as well as payment issues. Many healthcare apps are faced with cyber attack ending up in offending the patients. The app storage should, therefore, be handled with a lot of sensitivity because of outside intrusions and security purposes (Ventola, 2014). As security is the most important aspect of the mobile apps in healthcare, the designers of the mobile apps and devices make the apps difficult to use (Scherr et al., 2009). The apps become complex to implement hindering the work of the healthcare professionals, thus blocking gains in efficiency that should come with the mobile technologies Maintaining a strong relationship and keeping the patients informed is vital. This objective plays a great significance in enhancing quality and transparency with doctors. Therefore, if the mobile apps in healthcare are not capable of delivering this information to patients then it will be difficult to provide quality services (Atun, 2015). Benefits of Mobile Apps in Healthcare Services Mobile apps in healthcare encompass workflow services and networks used to optimize health care services. The mobile apps in health services send SMS appointments to patients as well as giving patients report on their health (Pandey et al., 2013). The mobile apps help in healthcare services in many ways. For example, remote sensors can automatically give information to doctors concerning them of their patients, thus warning them of any abnormalities. The apps also assist doctors to decide when a certain patients need medications through the data transmitted in the mobile apps (Van Velsen et al., 2013). In addition, the mobile apps in healthcare can act as a reminder or alerting doctors of a patient who has not taken their drugs. According to some studies in South Africa, medication compliance through the medical apps has increased from 50% to 90% (Ventola, 2014). Also, healthcare professional can access patient results anywhere at any time, thus assisting remote workers and enhancing patient care. Benefits of Medical Apps in Healthcare for Both Doctors and Patients Mobile apps in healthcare can show better results in the patients treatment. The apps do improve not only conformity with treatment regimens but also the management of diseases through observing and transmitting data (Ozdalga, Ozdalga, Ahuja, 2012). In diseases management, the mobile apps in health care play an important role in collecting data, thus showing early warning signs of patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart problem. The test equipment that gives out information directly to the doctors provides a good source of baseline data. Then the mobile apps in healthcare analyze it thus identifying early signs of worsening conditions or abnormalities. The medical apps provide physicians to access a patients clinical data via the mobile devices. The apps also allow the viewing of medical scan images. For example, Mobile MIM is a free app for mobile devices that allows detached screening of x-rays and scan images (Atun, Sittampalam, Mohan, 2015). This app permits users to keep their medical images as well as share them with physicians. The pictures can be uploaded and viewed in any setting. In many instances, remote analyses of scanned images through medical apps have been shown to be effective just like presenting them in a typical workplace. According to a particular medical group, they demonstrated that professionals could use their mobile devices to diagnose for critical disease accurately as if they were at their workplaces (Armas et al., 2009). The mobile apps are useful also for documenting images to help with diagnoses. The mobile apps in healthcare can help in creating awareness of health issues through communication. According to research, an initiative in Africa sent out details on HIV awareness, and this resulted to 40% people requesting to have a test (Pearce et al., 2012). The mobile apps in healthcare have enhanced consultation of patients with various doctors. The apps have shown dramatic improvements in compliance with treatment programs. The medical apps allow closer contacts with doctors thus improving efficiency in surgeries (Michalski, B?ka?a, B?ka?a, 2015). It is not only the patients who benefit from access to information from the mobile app in healthcare but also the entire society too. The mobile apps in healthcare enhance quick diagnosis of potential epidemics and identifying appropriate treatments (Clauson et al., 2014). Conclusion In conclusion, mobile apps in healthcare are anticipated to continue to progress thus bringing additional and improved benefits to healthcare practices. However, despite their benefits, some of the healthcare professionals do not adopt their usage in their medical performances. The mobile apps in healthcare provide people with many advantages. Nevertheless, they are currently people are using them without much understanding of the benefits and risks they are associated with. 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